Article last updated: October 15, 2024
Pyrogallol, also known as 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, is a naturally occurring organic compound that is primarily used in the cosmetic industry for hair dyeing. This ingredient is derived from gallic acid, which is found in various plants, fruits, and even tea. Chemically, pyrogallol is a trihydroxybenzene, meaning it has three hydroxyl groups attached to a benzene ring, specifically at the 1, 2, and 3 positions.
The history of pyrogallol dates back to the 19th century when it was first isolated by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Initially, it found applications in photography as a developing agent due to its reducing properties. Over time, its potential for dyeing hair was discovered, and it became a popular ingredient in hair color formulations.
Pyrogallol is typically produced through the hydrolysis of gallic acid, which involves breaking down the gallic acid molecule in the presence of water and heat. This process yields pyrogallol, which is then purified for use in various applications, including cosmetics. Its ability to bind with hair proteins makes it an effective dyeing agent, providing long-lasting color that resists washing out.
In this section, we will delve into the officially recognized cosmetic benefits and uses of Pyrogallol:
Pyrogallol is primarily used in cosmetics for its hair dyeing properties. This means that it can be found in various hair dye products where it serves as a key ingredient to help achieve the desired hair color. Pyrogallol works by penetrating the hair shaft and reacting with other chemicals in the dye formula to produce a range of colors, particularly darker shades. This makes it a popular choice for those looking to cover gray hair or change their natural hair color to something more vibrant or intense.
Note: the listed benefits above are exclusively based on the officially recognized and defined functions of the ingredient, as documented by the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI).
When considering the use of pyrogallol in hair dyeing products, it’s important to be aware of its safety, suitability, and allergenic potential. While pyrogallol can be effective for hair dyeing, it does come with certain risks and considerations.
Regarding individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, data and research on the topical usage of pyrogallol during pregnancy are lacking. Therefore, it is advisable for pregnant or breastfeeding women to consult a healthcare professional for further advice before using products containing this ingredient.
Side effects and adverse reactions to pyrogallol are relatively uncommon, but they can occur. To minimize the risk of adverse reactions, it is recommended to conduct a patch test before widespread usage.
In terms of comedogenicity, pyrogallol has a rating of 1 on a scale of 0 to 5, where 0 is totally non-comedogenic and 5 is highly comedogenic. This low rating means that pyrogallol is unlikely to clog pores and cause acne or breakouts, making it generally suitable for individuals prone to blemishes.
