What is Piperine?
Piperine, scientifically known as 1-[(E, E)-5-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]-piperidine, is a naturally occurring alkaloid primarily found in black pepper (Piper nigrum) and long pepper (Piper longum). This compound is responsible for the pungent taste of black pepper and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and culinary practices.
The journey of piperine into the cosmetic industry is relatively recent compared to its long-standing use in food and medicine. Historically, black pepper was a highly prized spice, often referred to as “black gold,” and was a significant trade commodity. The extraction and isolation of piperine from black pepper began in the early 19th century, and its potential benefits were gradually explored. It wasn’t until later that the cosmetic industry recognized piperine’s unique aromatic qualities, leading to its incorporation into various perfuming products.
Piperine is typically extracted from black pepper through a process called solvent extraction. The pepper is first ground into a fine powder, which is then treated with a solvent such as ethanol. The mixture is agitated to dissolve the piperine, and the solvent is subsequently evaporated, leaving behind a concentrated piperine extract. This extract undergoes further purification to ensure it meets the quality standards required for cosmetic use. The result is a potent ingredient that can enhance the fragrance profile of a wide range of cosmetic products.
The Benefits/Uses of Piperine
In this section, we will delve into the officially recognized cosmetic benefits and uses of Piperine:
Perfuming
Piperine is primarily used in cosmetics for its perfuming properties. This means it is added to products to impart a pleasant fragrance. The unique aromatic profile of Piperine can enhance the sensory experience of using a cosmetic product, making it more enjoyable to apply. Whether it’s a lotion, cream, or serum, the inclusion of Piperine can elevate the overall scent, making the product more appealing to the user.
Note: the listed benefits above are exclusively based on the officially recognized and defined functions of the ingredient, as documented by the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI).
Potential Side Effects & Other Considerations
Piperine, while primarily used for its perfuming properties in cosmetic products, does come with some considerations regarding its safety, suitability, and allergenic potential.
- Skin irritation
- Allergic reactions
- Photosensitivity
Regarding individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, data and research on the topical usage of piperine during pregnancy are lacking. Therefore, it is advisable for pregnant or breastfeeding women to consult a healthcare professional before using products containing this ingredient.
Adverse reactions to piperine are relatively uncommon, but as with any cosmetic ingredient, individual sensitivities can vary. It is recommended to perform a patch test before widespread usage to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
In terms of comedogenicity, piperine scores a 1 on a scale of 0 to 5, where 0 is totally non-comedogenic and 5 is highly comedogenic. This low score indicates that piperine is unlikely to clog pores, making it generally suitable for individuals prone to acne, blemishes, or breakouts.