Article last updated: October 15, 2024
Nonoxynol-9 is a synthetic compound that belongs to a class of chemicals known as ethoxylated alkyl phenols. It is commonly referred to by its INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients) name, Nonoxynol-9, but you might also encounter it under other names such as N-9 or simply Nonoxynol. Chemically, it conforms to a specific structure where the “n” in its formula has an average value of 9, indicating the number of ethoxy groups attached to the alkyl phenol.
The history of Nonoxynol-9 dates back several decades when it was initially developed for its surfactant properties. Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two substances, making them useful in a variety of applications, including cosmetics. Over time, its ability to act as a cleansing and emulsifying agent made it a popular ingredient in many personal care products, such as shampoos, facial cleansers, and lotions.
Nonoxynol-9 is produced through a chemical process known as ethoxylation. This involves reacting alkyl phenol with ethylene oxide, resulting in the addition of ethoxy groups to the phenol. The number of ethoxy groups can vary, but for Nonoxynol-9, the average is nine, hence the name. This process not only enhances its surfactant properties but also makes it highly effective in breaking down oils and dirt, which is why it is so commonly used in cleansing products.
In this section, we will delve into the officially recognized cosmetic benefits and uses of Nonoxynol-9:
Nonoxynol-9 is widely used in cosmetic products for its cleansing properties. This means it helps to remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin. When included in formulations like facial cleansers, body washes, or shampoos, Nonoxynol-9 works by breaking down and emulsifying the oils and grime on your skin or hair, making it easier to rinse them away. This leaves your skin feeling fresh and clean without the residue that can clog pores or cause irritation.
Another key function of Nonoxynol-9 is its role as an emulsifying agent. In simple terms, emulsifiers help to blend ingredients that typically don’t mix well, like oil and water. This is crucial for creating stable and homogenous cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums. By ensuring that the oil and water components of a product remain evenly distributed, Nonoxynol-9 helps to maintain the product’s consistency and effectiveness, providing a smooth and pleasant application experience.
Note: The listed benefits above are exclusively based on the officially recognized and defined functions of the ingredient, as documented by the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI).
Nonoxynol-9 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic products, but like any ingredient, it may not be suitable for everyone. Its allergenic potential is relatively low, but some individuals may still experience adverse reactions.
Regarding individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, data and research on the topical usage of Nonoxynol-9 during pregnancy are lacking. Therefore, it is recommended that they consult a healthcare professional for further advice.
Adverse reactions to Nonoxynol-9 are not very common, but they can occur. To minimize the risk of an adverse reaction, it is advisable to conduct a patch test before widespread usage.
Nonoxynol-9 has a comedogenic rating of 2, which means it has a low to moderate potential to clog pores. Individuals who are prone to acne, blemishes, or breakouts should be aware of this and monitor their skin’s response when using products containing this ingredient.
