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Article last updated: October 15, 2024
Malic Acid, scientifically known as Butenedioic acid, hydroxy-, (2S)-, is a naturally occurring organic compound found in various fruits, most notably in apples. This alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) is responsible for the tart taste in many fruits and is commonly used in the food and beverage industry as a flavor enhancer. In the realm of cosmetics, Malic Acid serves primarily as a buffering agent, helping to maintain the pH balance of products.
The history of Malic Acid in cosmetics dates back to its initial discovery in 1785 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, a Swedish chemist. Over time, its unique properties caught the attention of the cosmetic industry, leading to its incorporation in various skincare and beauty products. Its ability to gently exfoliate the skin and improve texture made it a popular choice among formulators.
Malic Acid is typically produced through the hydration of maleic anhydride or by the fermentation of natural sugars. This process ensures that the Malic Acid used in cosmetics is both effective and safe for topical application.
In this section, we will delve into the officially recognized cosmetic benefits and uses of Malic Acid:
Malic Acid is primarily used as a buffering agent in cosmetic products. But what does that mean for you? Essentially, a buffering agent helps to maintain the pH balance of a product. This is crucial because the pH level can affect the stability and effectiveness of a cosmetic formulation. By keeping the pH level stable, Malic Acid ensures that the product remains effective and safe to use over time. This means your skincare or cosmetic product will perform consistently, providing you with the same benefits from the first use to the last.
Note: the listed benefits above are exclusively based on the officially recognized and defined functions of the ingredient, as documented by the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI).
Malic acid is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetic products. However, as with any ingredient, there are potential side effects and considerations to keep in mind.
Regarding individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, data and research on the topical usage of malic acid during pregnancy are lacking. It is advisable for these individuals to consult a healthcare professional for further advice before using products containing malic acid.
Adverse reactions to malic acid are relatively uncommon, but they can occur. It is recommended to perform a patch test before widespread usage to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
Malic acid has a comedogenic rating of 1, meaning it is very unlikely to clog pores. This makes it a suitable ingredient for individuals prone to acne, blemishes, or breakouts.
