Article last updated: October 15, 2024
Quaternium-18, also known as bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethyl, chlorides, is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in the cosmetic industry. This ingredient is derived from hydrogenated tallow, which is a form of processed animal fat. Its chemical composition includes long-chain alkyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, making it a type of cationic surfactant. You might also encounter it under other names such as “Quaternium-18” or simply “Quats” in ingredient lists.
The use of quaternary ammonium compounds in cosmetics dates back several decades. Initially, these compounds were primarily utilized in industrial applications for their antimicrobial properties. However, their ability to reduce static electricity and condition hair made them attractive for personal care products. Over time, Quaternium-18 became a staple in formulations aimed at improving hair texture and manageability.
The manufacturing process of Quaternium-18 involves the hydrogenation of tallow, followed by a chemical reaction with dimethyl sulfate or methyl chloride. This process results in a compound that is highly effective at binding to the negatively charged surfaces of hair and skin, providing conditioning and antistatic benefits.
In this section, we will delve into the officially recognized cosmetic benefits and uses of Quaternium-18:
Quaternium-18 is known for its antistatic properties. This means it helps to reduce static electricity that can build up in your hair, especially in dry conditions or after using certain hair tools. By minimizing static, Quaternium-18 helps keep your hair smooth and manageable, preventing those annoying flyaways and frizz that can ruin your hairstyle.
Another significant benefit of Quaternium-18 is its hair conditioning capability. This ingredient works by coating the hair shaft, which helps to smooth the cuticle and improve the overall texture of your hair. As a result, your hair feels softer, looks shinier, and is easier to comb through. This conditioning effect can be particularly beneficial for those with dry or damaged hair, as it helps to restore some of the lost moisture and vitality.
Quaternium-18 also has cleansing properties, making it a useful ingredient in shampoos and other hair care products. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from your hair and scalp, leaving your hair feeling fresh and clean. This cleansing action ensures that your hair is not only conditioned and manageable but also free from buildup that can weigh it down and make it look dull.
Note: the listed benefits above are exclusively based on the officially recognized and defined functions of the ingredient, as documented by the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI).
Quaternium-18 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic products, but like any ingredient, it may not be suitable for everyone. Its allergenic potential is relatively low, but it can still cause adverse reactions in some individuals.
Regarding individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, data and research on the topical usage of Quaternium-18 during pregnancy are lacking. Therefore, it is advisable for pregnant or breastfeeding women to consult a healthcare professional for further advice before using products containing this ingredient.
Adverse reactions to Quaternium-18 are not very common, but they can occur. To minimize the risk of side effects, it is recommended to perform a patch test before widespread usage.
Quaternium-18 has a comedogenic rating of 1, which means it is unlikely to clog pores and cause acne or breakouts. This makes it a relatively safe option for individuals prone to acne or blemishes.
