Article last updated: October 15, 2024
Isopropyl Citrate, also known as (1-Methylethyl) dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate or 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic, 2-hydroxy-, 1-Methylethyl Ester, is a versatile ingredient commonly used in the cosmetics industry. Derived from citric acid, a natural substance found in citrus fruits, it is chemically composed of one molecule of isopropanol and two molecules of citric acid.
The use of Isopropyl Citrate in cosmetics can be traced back several decades. Its unique properties as a plasticiser and solvent made it an attractive addition to a variety of cosmetic formulations. As a plasticiser, it helps to increase the flexibility and manageability of cosmetic products, while its role as a solvent allows it to dissolve or dilute other substances without altering their properties.
The production of Isopropyl Citrate involves a chemical reaction between isopropanol and citric acid. This process, known as esterification, results in the formation of Isopropyl Citrate. The final product is a clear, colorless liquid that is easily incorporated into a wide range of cosmetic products.
In this section, we will delve into the officially recognized benefits and uses of Isopropyl Citrate:
As a plasticiser, Isopropyl Citrate is used to increase the flexibility and enhance the texture of cosmetic products. This means it can help to make products like nail polish, mascara, and hair sprays more pliable and easier to apply. It can also prevent these products from becoming too brittle or drying out, which can lead to a longer shelf life and better performance. In layman’s terms, think of it as the ingredient that helps your cosmetics glide on smoothly and stay fresh for longer.
Isopropyl Citrate also functions as a solvent in cosmetic formulations. This means it is used to dissolve or dilute other substances without altering their properties. In the context of cosmetics, this is particularly useful for creating a uniform and stable mixture of various ingredients. For example, it can help to evenly distribute pigments in a lipstick or ensure that the active ingredients in a skincare product are properly dispersed. So, in simple terms, it’s the ingredient that helps to mix everything together and keep it that way.
Note: the listed benefits above are exclusively based on the officially recognized and defined functions of the ingredient, as documented by the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI).
Isopropyl Citrate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics. However, like any ingredient, it may not be suitable for everyone. It’s important to be aware of potential side effects and considerations before incorporating products containing this ingredient into your skincare routine.
Potential side effects of topical application of Isopropyl Citrate include:
Regarding individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, there is currently a lack of data on the safety of topically applied Isopropyl Citrate during pregnancy or while nursing. As such, it’s recommended to consult a healthcare professional for further advice.
Adverse reactions to Isopropyl Citrate are not common, but they can occur. It’s always a good idea to conduct a patch test before using any new product on a widespread basis. This can help identify any potential sensitivity or allergic reaction to the ingredient.
On the comedogenicity scale, Isopropyl Citrate scores a 0, meaning it is non-comedogenic. This makes it a suitable ingredient for those with acne-prone skin, as it is unlikely to clog pores and contribute to breakouts.
